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Guia · Unidade 16 · B2

The Subjunctive Mood

Wishes, doubts and feelings

  1. 1

    Espero que te guste: the present subjunctive

    A new mood for wishes and requests — built in one step from the yo form you already know.

    • The subjunctive is for what isn't a fact yet: wishes, hopes and requests.
    • Build it from the yo form: drop the -o, then -ar → -e, -er / -ir → -a: hablo → hable, como → coma.
    • Irregular yo stems come along — tengo → tenga, hago → haga, vengo → venga — and spelling keeps the sound: llegue, busque.
    • Quiero que, espero que, te pido que, ojalá + subjunctive when someone else does the action.
    • Same person? Use the infinitive: Quiero viajar, but Quiero que viajes.
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  2. 2

    Sea, esté, vaya, sepa: irregulars and feelings

    The verbs that ignore the yo-form rule — and the feelings and good wishes that call for the subjunctive.

    • Verbs whose yo form doesn't end in -o have their own subjunctive: sea, esté, vaya, sepa — plus dé and haya.
    • Esté and dé need their accents; tener follows the rule: tenga.
    • Feelings about someone else take the subjunctive: me alegro de que, me encanta que, tengo miedo de que, es una pena que, siento que.
    • Same person? Use the infinitive: Me alegro de estar aquí.
    • A bare que + subjunctive makes a wish: ¡Que te vaya bien! ¡Que aproveche!
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  3. 3

    Dudo que, tal vez, es importante que

    Doubt, maybe and advice call for the subjunctive — certainty stays in the indicative.

    • Certainty → indicative: sé que, estoy seguro de que, creo que, es verdad que.
    • Doubt and possibility → subjunctive: dudo que, no creo que, es posible que, puede que.
    • Tal vez / quizá(s) before the verb: subjunctive is the safe choice. A lo mejor and igual always take the indicative.
    • Advice for a specific person: es importante / mejor / necesario que + subjunctive.
    • General advice uses the infinitive: Es importante llegar pronto.
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  4. 4

    Para que, aunque — and cuando llegues

    Conjunctions that bring the subjunctive along, and the Spanish way of saying “when you arrive” about the future.

    • Para que always takes the subjunctive: para que Bidu pueda venir. Same subject? para + infinitive.
    • Aunque + indicative states a fact; + subjunctive means even if: Aunque llueva, vamos.
    • A future event after cuando, en cuanto, hasta que → subjunctive: cuando llegue, en cuanto lo sepa.
    • Habits and the past keep the indicative: Cuando llego a casa, me ducho. Cuando llegué, te llamé.
    • Si takes the indicative: Si puedes, vamos.
    • Set phrases: cuando quieras, como quieras, pase lo que pase.
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