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Guía · Unidad 1 · A1
First Steps
Pronouns and the verbs to be
- 1
¡Hola! — and who's who
Greet people the Spanish way and meet the personal pronouns — including vosotros.
Abrir lección- ¡Hola! ¿Qué tal? is the everyday greeting; answer Muy bien, ¿y tú?
- Buenos días / Buenas tardes / Buenas noches greet by time of day.
- Encantado / encantada (nice to meet you) agrees with the person speaking.
- The pronouns: yo, tú, usted, él/ella, nosotros, vosotros, ustedes, ellos/ellas.
- In Spain, tú and vosotros are the everyday "you"; usted and ustedes are formal.
- Nosotras, vosotras, ellas only for all-female groups.
- 2
Ser: who you are
The verb for identity, origin, nationality and profession — and how to introduce yourself.
Abrir lección- Ser is "to be" for identity, origin, nationality and profession.
- Present forms: soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son.
- Usted takes the él / ella form (es); ustedes takes the ellos / ellas form (son).
- Origin is ser de: Soy de Boston. Nationalities take a small letter: española.
- No article before a bare profession: Soy estudiante.
- The pronoun is usually dropped: Soy Marina rather than Yo soy Marina.
- 3
Estar: how and where you are
The “to be” of moods, conditions and location — and when it beats ser.
Abrir lección- Estar is "to be" for feelings, temporary conditions and location.
- Present forms: estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están.
- Ser = what something is; estar = how or where it is.
- For moods and conditions: could it change by tomorrow? → estar.
- Where people and things are takes estar: Madrid está en el centro de España.
- ¿Cómo estás? — Estoy bien, gracias.
- 4
Tener: what you have
Possession, age and feelings like hunger with tener — then all three core verbs side by side.
Abrir lección- Tener = to have: tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen.
- Age uses tener: Tengo 22 años — never soy 22 años.
- So do hunger, thirst, cold and heat: tengo hambre, tengo sed, tengo frío, tengo calor.
- The big three: ser for identity, estar for states and location, tener for possession and age.