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Guidebook · Unit 12 · A2

El Pasado

Simple past — lo que pasó ayer

  1. 1

    Walked, played, studied: el pasado regular

    Una sola forma para todas las personas, tres sonidos para la -ed — y yesterday, last night, last week.

    • Pasado regular: verbo + -ed, igual para todas las personas: I walked, she walked.
    • Ortografía: live → lived, study → studied, play → played, stop → stopped, travel → travelled (británico).
    • La -ed suena «t» (walked), «d» (played) o «id» (wanted); solo tras t o d añade una sílaba.
    • yesterday, last night, last week, last Saturday — last sin the.
    Open lesson
  2. 2

    Went, saw, bought: los irregulares

    Los pasados irregulares más frecuentes — y was y were, el pasado de to be.

    • Los irregulares más comunes: went, had, did, made, ate, drank, saw, bought, got, took, came, said, lost.
    • También son iguales para todas las personas: I went, she went, they went.
    • was (I, he, she, it) / were (you, we, they) — era, estaba, fue.
    • How was…? — ¿Qué tal…? It was brilliant!
    • had sirve para comidas y experiencias: had lunch, had a great time.
    Open lesson
  3. 3

    Did you…? I didn't: preguntas y negativas en pasado

    Did hace en pasado lo que do hace en presente — y el verbo vuelve a su forma base: didn't go, nunca didn't went.

    • did es el auxiliar del pasado, igual para todos: Did you…? / I didn't…
    • Tras did y didn't, el verbo en forma base: Did you go? I didn't buy it. Nunca didn't went.
    • Respuestas cortas: Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
    • Con palabra interrogativa: Where did you go? What did she say?
    • To be no usa did: Were you tired? — Yes, I was.
    • Si who es el sujeto, sin did: Who ate the cake?
    Open lesson
  4. 4

    Un fin de semana en el Lake District

    Last weekend, two days ago, first… then… — y Marcos cuenta su excursión a la montaña con Bidu.

    • last weekend, last month, last year — last sin the.
    • ago va detrás: two days ago = hace dos días.
    • Para contar en orden: first… then… after that… in the end.
    • En británico: at the weekend y travelled, con doble l.
    • Una historia en pasado mezcla regulares (walked, stopped) e irregulares (went, took, had).
    Open lesson
  5. 5

    Have you ever…? El present perfect

    Have/has + participio: experiencias (ever, never), el tiempo que aún no ha terminado (today, this week) y novedades (just, already, yet) — y cuándo no usarlo.

    • have / has + participio: I've seen, she's gone; regulares = pasado (worked), irregulares para memorizar (been, done, seen, gone, eaten).
    • Experiencia sin cuándo: ever / never — Have you ever been to Scotland?
    • Tiempo que no ha terminado: today, this week, since May — I've drunk three coffees today.
    • Novedades: just, already delante del participio, yet al final — I've just eaten. I haven't finished yet.
    • Con un cuándo terminado (yesterday, last week, in 2019) → past simple: I saw him yesterday, nunca I have seen him yesterday.
    • El británico usa el present perfect más que el americano: I've just eaten frente a I just ate.
    Open lesson
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