Spanish	English
el médico / la médica	the doctor
el médico de cabecera	the family doctor, the GP
el centro de salud	the local public health centre
la consulta	the doctor's surgery; the consultation
urgencias	A&E, the emergency department
la cita	the appointment
la receta	the prescription
el justificante	a doctor's note — proof of your visit, for work or university

To book, say Quería pedir cita — I'd like to make an appointment. If you're too ill to work, the doctor can sign you off: estar de baja — to be off sick.

Patients address a doctor as doctor or doctora: Buenos días, doctora. In writing it's Dr. and Dra. — Dra. Ramírez.