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Guia · Unidade 16 · B2

The Four Conditionals

Zero, First, Second, Third — every *if* in English

  1. 1

    If it rains…: zero y first conditional

    Verdades generales y futuros probables con if, y por qué detrás de if y when no va will.

    • Zero: if + presente, presente — verdades generales: If you heat ice, it melts.
    • First: if + presente, will + infinitivo — futuro probable: If it rains, I'll stay at home.
    • En la condición no va will: If it rains, no If it will rain.
    • Igual con when, as soon as, until, before: When I arrive, I'll call you.
    • En la otra mitad, también might o un imperativo: If she calls, tell her I'm in a meeting.
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  2. 2

    If I were you…: el second conditional

    Si tuviera, si fuera, si pudiera: hipótesis sobre el presente y el futuro con if + past y would.

    • Second conditional: if + past simple, would + infinitivo — situaciones imaginarias o poco probables.
    • If I had more time, I'd travel more. — Si tuviera más tiempo, viajaría más.
    • Con be: were para todos — If I were you, I'd take the job.
    • En la condición no va would: If I had…, no If I would have…
    • If I win (posible: first) ≠ If I won (imaginado: second).
    • could = podría: If I had a car, I could visit you.
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  3. 3

    If I'd known…: el third conditional

    El pasado que no fue: had + participio y would have + participio, y todo lo que habría cambiado.

    • Third conditional: if + had + participio, would have + participio — el pasado que no fue.
    • If I had known, I would have come earlier. — Si lo hubiera sabido, habría venido antes.
    • Participios irregulares clave: gone, known, met, taken, seen, been, got.
    • Contracciones: If I'd known, I'd have come — 'd = had (+ participio) o would (+ infinitivo).
    • En la condición, nada de would: no If I would have known.
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  4. 4

    Los cuatro juntos: unless, in case y los consejos de Luana

    Cómo elegir entre los cuatro conditionals, y tres expresiones que no son if: unless, as long as e in case.

    • Elige el conditional por el momento y lo real que sea: zero (siempre), first (posible), second (imaginado, ahora), third (imaginado, en el pasado).
    • unless = if… not: Unless you hurry, you'll be late.
    • as long as = siempre que: You can borrow it as long as you bring it back.
    • in case = por si acaso, no si: Take an umbrella in case it rains.
    • Detrás de if, unless, as long as e in case, presente para hablar del futuro.
    • If I were you, I'd…: la fórmula para aconsejar.
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