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Guia · Unidade 12 · A2
El Pasado
Simple past — lo que pasó ayer
- 1
Walked, played, studied: el pasado regular
Una sola forma para todas las personas, tres sonidos para la -ed — y yesterday, last night, last week.
Abrir lição- Pasado regular: verbo + -ed, igual para todas las personas: I walked, she walked.
- Ortografía: live → lived, study → studied, play → played, stop → stopped, travel → travelled (británico).
- La -ed suena «t» (walked), «d» (played) o «id» (wanted); solo tras t o d añade una sílaba.
- yesterday, last night, last week, last Saturday — last sin the.
- 2
Went, saw, bought: los irregulares
Los pasados irregulares más frecuentes — y was y were, el pasado de to be.
Abrir lição- Los irregulares más comunes: went, had, did, made, ate, drank, saw, bought, got, took, came, said, lost.
- También son iguales para todas las personas: I went, she went, they went.
- was (I, he, she, it) / were (you, we, they) — era, estaba, fue.
- How was…? — ¿Qué tal…? It was brilliant!
- had sirve para comidas y experiencias: had lunch, had a great time.
- 3
Did you…? I didn't: preguntas y negativas en pasado
Did hace en pasado lo que do hace en presente — y el verbo vuelve a su forma base: didn't go, nunca didn't went.
Abrir lição- did es el auxiliar del pasado, igual para todos: Did you…? / I didn't…
- Tras did y didn't, el verbo en forma base: Did you go? I didn't buy it. Nunca didn't went.
- Respuestas cortas: Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.
- Con palabra interrogativa: Where did you go? What did she say?
- To be no usa did: Were you tired? — Yes, I was.
- Si who es el sujeto, sin did: Who ate the cake?
- 4
Un fin de semana en el Lake District
Last weekend, two days ago, first… then… — y Marcos cuenta su excursión a la montaña con Bidu.
Abrir lição- last weekend, last month, last year — last sin the.
- ago va detrás: two days ago = hace dos días.
- Para contar en orden: first… then… after that… in the end.
- En británico: at the weekend y travelled, con doble l.
- Una historia en pasado mezcla regulares (walked, stopped) e irregulares (went, took, had).
- 5
Have you ever…? El present perfect
Have/has + participio: experiencias (ever, never), el tiempo que aún no ha terminado (today, this week) y novedades (just, already, yet) — y cuándo no usarlo.
Abrir lição- have / has + participio: I've seen, she's gone; regulares = pasado (worked), irregulares para memorizar (been, done, seen, gone, eaten).
- Experiencia sin cuándo: ever / never — Have you ever been to Scotland?
- Tiempo que no ha terminado: today, this week, since May — I've drunk three coffees today.
- Novedades: just, already delante del participio, yet al final — I've just eaten. I haven't finished yet.
- Con un cuándo terminado (yesterday, last week, in 2019) → past simple: I saw him yesterday, nunca I have seen him yesterday.
- El británico usa el present perfect más que el americano: I've just eaten frente a I just ate.