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Pronouns and the verbs to be

  1. 1

    Hello, and who's who

    Greet people the Brazilian way and meet the personal pronouns.

    • Oi, tudo bem? is the everyday greeting — and tudo bem is also the answer.
    • Bom dia / Boa tarde / Boa noite greet by time of day.
    • The pronouns: eu, você, ele/ela, nós, vocês, eles/elas.
    • Você is "you" for one person; vocês for a group.
    • Elas only for all-female groups — otherwise eles.
    • In speech, a gente often replaces nós for "we".
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  2. 2

    Ser: who you are

    The verb for identity, origin and profession — and how to introduce yourself.

    • Ser is "to be" for identity, origin, nationality and profession.
    • Present forms: sou, é, somos, são — only four to learn.
    • Você shares é with ele/ela; vocês shares são with eles/elas.
    • Origin is ser de: Sou de Boston. With the article: Ele é do Rio.
    • No article before a profession: Ele é professor.
    • Answer yes by echoing the verb: Você é americana? — Sou, sim.
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  3. 3

    Estar: how and where you are

    The “to be” of moods, conditions and location — and when it beats ser.

    • Estar is "to be" for feelings, temporary conditions and where someone is now.
    • Present forms: estou, está, estamos, estão.
    • Ser = what something is; estar = how or where it is at the moment.
    • Quick test: could it change by tomorrow? → estar.
    • Como você está? — Estou bem, obrigado/obrigada.
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  4. 4

    Ter: what you have

    Possession and age with ter — then all three core verbs side by side.

    • Ter = to have: tenho, tem, temos, têm.
    • Age uses ter: Eu tenho 25 anos — never sou 25 anos.
    • Eles têm (they have) carries a circumflex; ele tem (he has) doesn't.
    • The big three: ser for identity, estar for states and location now, ter for possession and age.
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