French	English
le médecin	the doctor (a woman can be la médecin)
le cabinet médical	the doctor's surgery
prendre rendez-vous	to make an appointment
la consultation	the appointment, the consultation
l'ordonnance (f)	the prescription
le médicament	the medicine
les urgences (f pl)	A&E, the emergency department

To book: Je voudrais prendre rendez-vous. — I'd like to make an appointment.

Médecin is the job; docteur is what you call a doctor to their face, man or woman: Bonjour, docteur. The doctor's first question is usually Qu'est-ce qui ne va pas ? — What's the matter?