Da cabeça aos pés — from head to toe. Learn each part of the body together with its article: the article tells you the gender, and you'll need it the moment something hurts.

Start with the head:

Portuguese	English
a cabeça	the head
o olho — os olhos	the eye — the eyes
o nariz	the nose
a boca	the mouth
o dente	the tooth
a garganta	the throat
a orelha	the ear (the outside)
o ouvido	the ear (the inside, for hearing)

Portuguese has two words for ear. The orelha is the part you can see; the ouvido is the inner ear — so when you have an earache, it's your ouvido that hurts.